Chapter 01: Cancer: An Overview Washington & Leaver: Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following? a. 1600 BC Egypt b. 1600 AD England c. 400 BC Greece d. 1900 AD Germany ANS: A The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt. REF: p. 3 2. Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer process? a. Anti-oncogenes b. Oncogenes c. Proto-oncogenes d. Somato-oncogenes ANS: D Anti-oncogenes, oncogenes, and proto-oncogenes have all been identified as playing a part in the development of tumors. Somato-oncogenes do not exist. REF: p. 3 3. Tumor-suppressor genes are also known as . a. anti-oncogenes b. oncogenes c. proto-oncogenes d. somato-oncogenes ANS: A Although more commonly called tumor-suppressor genes, these genes are also known as anti-oncogenes. REF: p. 3 4. Which of the following is not a phase of the mammalian cell cycle? a. G0 b. G1 c. G2 d. G3 ANS: D G0 is a resting phase where cells do not enter mitosis. G1 and G2 are growth phases during the mammalian cell cycle. Although some algae species demonstrate a relatively long phase between nuclear division and cleavage of the cell termed G3, this phase is not part of the mammalian cell cycle.