Which of the following best describes the concept

of classical conditioning?

 A. Learning through reinforcement

 B. Associating a neutral stimulus with a

meaningful stimulus

 C. Learning through observation

 D. Intrinsic motivation

 Answer: B

 Rationale: Classical conditioning, as proposed by

Ivan Pavlov, involves associating a neutral

stimulus with a meaningful stimulus to elicit a

reflexive response.

What is the primary focus of the psychoanalytic

perspective in psychology?

 A. Unconscious conflicts and motivations

 B. Observable behavior

 C. Cognitive processes

 D. Social interactions

 Answer: A

 Rationale: The psychoanalytic perspective

emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and

motivations in shaping human behavior.

According to the concept of operant conditioning,