1. Which of the following statements best describes

classical conditioning?

a) Learning based on the association between a neutral

stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

b) Learning through the consequence of behavior.

c) The process of acquiring knowledge through observation

and imitation.

d) The strengthening or weakening of a behavior based on

its consequences.

Answer: a) Learning based on the association between a

neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

Rationale: Classical conditioning involves learning through

the association between a neutral stimulus and a naturally

occurring stimulus, leading to a conditioned response.

2. What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the

brain?

a) Regulating emotional responses.

b) Controlling voluntary movements.

c) Storing and retrieving long-term memories.

d) Maintaining homeostasis.

Answer: c) Storing and retrieving long-term memories.

Rationale: The hippocampus plays a vital role in

consolidating short-term memories into long-term

memories and retrieving them when needed.

3. Which of the following theories suggests that behavior is

influenced by observing and imitating others?

a) Classical conditioning theory.

b) Operant conditioning theory.

c) Social learning theory.

d) Cognitive psychology theory.

Answer: c) Social learning theory.

Rationale: Social learning theory states that individuals

learn behavior by observing and imitating others,

considering the influence of social factors on behavior.

4. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need

must be met before an individual can strive for selfactualization?

a) Safety needs.

b) Physiological needs.

c) Love and belongingness needs.

d) Esteem needs.

Answer: d) Esteem needs.

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that

esteem needs (e.g., self-esteem, recognition) must be met

before an individual can strive for self-actualization.

5. Which brain structure is responsible for regulating

emotions and processing emotional memories?

a) Hypothalamus.

b) Amygdala.

c) Frontal lobe.

d) Occipital lobe.

Answer: b) Amygdala.

Rationale: The amygdala is involved in processing and

regulating emotions, as well as consolidating emotional

memories.