1. What are some common psychological disorders that nurses may encounter in their practice? How can nurses assess and intervene for these disorders? - Some common psychological disorders that nurses may encounter are depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and personality disorders. Nurses can assess these disorders by using screening tools, observing the patient's behavior and mood, asking open-ended questions, and listening empathically. Nurses can intervene for these disorders by providing psychoeducation, medication administration, crisis intervention, therapeutic communication, referrals, and follow-up care. 2. What are some ethical principles that guide nursing practice in mental health settings? How can nurses apply these principles in challenging situations? - Some ethical principles that guide nursing practice in mental health settings are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity. Nurses can apply these principles in challenging situations by respecting the patient's rights and preferences, promoting the patient's well-being and safety, avoiding harm or injury to the patient, ensuring fair and equitable treatment of the patient, maintaining trust and confidentiality with the patient, and providing accurate and honest information to the patient. 3. What are some therapeutic communication techniques that nurses can use to establish rapport and facilitate healing with patients with mental health issues? Give examples of each technique. - Some therapeutic communication techniques that nurses can use are active listening, reflecting, paraphrasing, summarizing, clarifying, validating, exploring, focusing, sharing observations, sharing empathy, sharing hope, sharing humor, sharing feelings, using silence, providing information, suggesting alternatives, giving feedback, and using touch. For example: