Which of the following best defines childhood?

a) The period of development from birth to age 5

b) The period of development from birth to age 12

c) The period of development from birth to age 18

d) The period of development from birth to age 21

Answer: b) The period of development from birth to age 12

Rationale: Childhood is typically understood to encompass the period of

development from birth through adolescence. While there may be slight

variations in the age range, it generally extends to approximately age 12.

2. During middle childhood, what skill development becomes increasingly

prominent?

a) Fine motor skills

b) Gross motor skills

c) Emotional regulation

d) Abstract reasoning

Answer: d) Abstract reasoning

Rationale: During middle childhood (ages 6-12), there is a notable

advancement in cognitive abilities, including abstract reasoning. This is

the stage at which children begin to think more logically and

independently.

3. According to Piaget's theory, which stage of cognitive development

characterizes adolescence?

a) Sensorimotor

b) Preoperational

c) Concrete operational

d) Formal operational

Answer: d) Formal operational

Rationale: Piaget's formal operational stage, which begins around age 11,

is characterized by the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically,

and consider multiple perspectives. Adolescents exhibit advanced

problem-solving and reasoning capabilities.