1. Which of the following research methods is the most effective for

testing cause-and-effect relationships?

a) Experimental method

b) Correlational method

c) Observational method

d) Surveys

Answer: a) Experimental method

Rationale: The experimental method allows researchers to manipulate

variables and control extraneous factors, enabling them to determine

cause-and-effect relationships between variables more effectively.

2. What is the main advantage of using random assignment in

experimental research?

a) It ensures that participants are representative of the population.

b) It minimizes participant biases.

c) It balances out individual differences across groups.

d) It allows the researcher to infer causality.

Answer: c) It balances out individual differences across groups.

Rationale: Random assignment helps in creating equivalent groups,

thereby reducing the impact of individual differences on the results. This

allows researchers to attribute any differences in outcomes to the

manipulation of the independent variable.

3. Which research method is most appropriate for investigating the

relationship between two variables when experimentation is not feasible?

a) Correlational method

b) Case study method

c) Longitudinal method

d) Experimental method

Answer: a) Correlational method

Rationale: Correlational studies measure the degree of association