Formed by combining ____________ and _______________ ✔✔philosophy and physiology structuralism ✔✔how we do something/ how things work reductionism ✔✔reducing things to their parts functionalism ✔✔why something works as a whole/why is it there/what does it do for us Freud's contribution to functionalism ✔✔the concept of unconscious behaviorism ✔✔break behavior down to smallest part Skinner ✔✔radical behaviorism radical behaviorism ✔✔society determines peoples behavior so teach people to be good citizens Rogers and Maslow ✔✔humanism humanism ✔✔people are unique emphasis on personal growth and fulfilling potential free will cognitive psychology ✔✔1960s study of mental processes how we process information and how it influences our behavior evolutionary psychology ✔✔natural selection DNA determines behavior psychiatry ✔✔can give medicine medical degree clinical psychology ✔✔severe mental/emotional issues basic counseling counseling psychology (social work) ✔✔basic therapy not serious disorders developmental psychology ✔✔womb to tomb people change and are influenced over time study of change and continuity over time social psychology ✔✔why do people do what they do how are people influenced used scientific methods to understand and explain how behavior thoughts and feelings of individuals interact population ✔✔complete group you want study to apply to sample ✔✔everyone in the experiment that you're studying conclusions made based on sample represent the population random ✔✔everyone in population has an even chance to be in study goal is to generalize accurately random assignment ✔✔equal chance to be put in groups operational definitions of variables ✔✔different people will explain their experience differently leading to different results validity ✔✔how well does procedure actually measure the variable being studied relibality ✔✔are the same results obtained with repeated measurements naturalistic observation ✔✔observing behavior in its natural context allows for real life behavior lacks control, participants might not react, observer bias case study ✔✔intense observation of 1 person or a small group allows for rich data doesn't allow representativeness surveys ✔✔efficient, quick and cheap question bias and truthfulness of answers experiments ✔✔need at least 2 groups: experimental and control control group is getting the thing dependent/independent variables allows for control and discovering cause and effect could be artificial, interferes with ethics placebo effect ✔✔a beneficial effect, produced by a fake treatment, that cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient's belief in that treatment correlation ✔✔an indication of relationship between 2 variables