behavorists ✔✔Insist that psychologists should study observable measurable behaviors, not mental processes. learniing ✔✔relatively permanent change in behavior or mental process due to experience conditioning ✔✔process of learning associations between stimuli and behavioral responses classical conditioning ✔✔learning through involuntary paired associtations unconditioned stimulus (USC) ✔✔stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response (UCR) without previous conditioning unconditioned response (UCR) ✔✔unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus without previous conditioning neutral stimulus (NS) ✔✔stimulus that, before conditioning, doesn't naturally bring about a response of interest conditioned stimulus (CS) ✔✔previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus now causes a conditioned response conditioned response (CR) ✔✔learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus occurring because of previous repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus 6 principles of classical conditioning ✔✔acquisition, stimulus generalization, stimulus discrimination, extinctions, spontaneous recovery, higher order conditioning acquisition ✔✔delayed conditioning (most effective) stimulus conditioning trace conditioning backward conditioning (least effective) delayed conditioning ✔✔NS presented before UCS and remains until UCR begins tone presented before food stimulus conditioning ✔✔NS presented at the same time as UCS tone and food presented simutaneously trace conditioning ✔✔NS presented and then taken away, or ends before UCS presented tone sounds, but food presented only once the sound stops backward conditioning ✔✔UCS presented before NS food presented before the tone stimulus generalization ✔✔stimuli SIMILAR to the original conditioned stimulus (CS) elicit a conditioned response (CR) stimulus discriminiation ✔✔ONLY the conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits the conditioned response (CR) extinction ✔✔gradual disappearance of a conditioned response spontaneous recovery ✔✔sudden, temporary reappearance of a previously extinguished responsse Watson's contribution ✔✔conditioned emotional response