nonessential physiological processes shut

down (i.e. digestion &

reproduction), energy

is channeled into a host

of functions preparing

for rapid action.

When a person or animal confronts actual (or

perceived) danger situations, what neurochemical

and hormonal reactions start to occur?

2. cortex, amygdala Stressful events are perceived at the ,

processed at the , which then activates

lower brain areas & puts the limbic system on alert

3. norepinephrine when there is imminent danger, a burst of excitation originates from the locus coeruleus which

releases , which results in instantaneous hypervigilance.

4. limbic system and hypothalamus by activating the SNS, HTA, or

HPA

5. chloride

what is responsible for the release of stress hormones?

ions act as a brake and dampen the

limbic alert

6. benzodiazepines enhance the flow of negative (chloride)

ions which results in widespread calming in may

areas of the brain

7. serotonin excitability in the locus coerulues is also mediated

by

8. inhibitory in the Locus Coeruleus, serotonin is