Rio Bio 156 Exam 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_el73yc 1. List features that distinguish living organisms from nonliving matter. 1. Cellular basis - All living things consist of one or more cells 2. Requirement for energy and nutrients - Life is sustained by ongoing inputs of energy and nutrients 3. Homeostasis - Living things sense and respond to change 4. DNA is hereditary material - Genetic information in the form of DNA is passed to offspring 2. Describe the levels of organization in the living world. Atoms ’ cells ’ tissues ’ organs ’ organ systems ’ organism ’ population ’ community ’ ecosystem ’ the biosphere 3. List the three domains of life and distinguish between each domain. Prokaryotes are bacteria and archaea. Domain Bacteria: unicellular no nucleus Domain Archaea: unicellular no nucleus but closer to eukarya Domain Eukarya: have nucleus 4. List four kingdoms within the domain Eukarya and distinguish between them. 1. Fungi can be single or multicellular but digest food outside their body. 2. Plants are multicellular and are photosynthetic. 3. Animals are multicellular and eat other organisms for nutrients. 4. Protists are the unicellular organisms that have a nucleus but do not fit any other category. 5. List and describe the steps involved in solving a problem using hypothesis-based science observation hypothesis experimental conclusion 6. Describe the concept "an organism is more organism is part of a more complex organization. These emergent properties go beyond itself. 1 / 14 Rio Bio 156 Exam 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_el73yc than the sum of its parts." 7. By definition, distinguish between a population, a community, and an ecosystem. 1. Population: multiple organisms in a single spot 2. community: is made up of populations of different organisms 3. ecosystem: is the interactions between the community and the non-living environment that surrounds it 8. Distinguish between a producer, a consumer and a decomposer. producer:photosynthetic organisms that trap light and convert that light energy into chemical bond energy. such as some bacteria, protists, and all plants consumer: organisms that feed on already-stored food decomposer: bacteria and fungi recycle the dead molecules throughout the bioshpere. 9. Distinguish between a hypothesis and a prediction. hypothesis: testable explanation of a natural phenomenon. prediction: statement based on hypothesis about a condition that should exit if the hypothesis is correct. 10. What is meant by the phrase potentially falsifiable hypothesis? a hypothesis can be proven that is false 11. Define the term control group and explain the value of a control group in an experiment. Group of individuals identical to an experimental group except for the independent variable under investigation To provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group 12. Define the term theory and explain the point in which a hypothesis becomes a theory. Suppose a hypothesis stands even after years of tests. It is consistent with all data ever gathered, and it has helped us make successful predictions about other phenomena. 2 / 14 Rio Bio 156 Exam 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_el73yc 13. Explain how electron configuration influences the chemical properties of an atom. Each cloud can hold a determinant number of electrons. When the electron number changes, ions are formed. The number of electrons influences the bonding between atoms. 14. hydrogen bond The electron from the hydrogen spends most of its time around the oxygen atom creating a partial positive charge on each hydrogen. The presence of additional electrons makes the oxygen partially negative. 15. covalent bond two atoms share a pair of electrons, so that each atom's vacancy becomes partially filled 16. ionic bond Type of chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction links ions of opposite charge. 17. Describe how water contributes to the fitness of the environment that supports all life. 1. an excellent solvent 2. has cohesion (insect on water, water roots) 3. stabilize temperature (cool surface) 18. Explain the basis for the pH scale. The basis for the pH scale is the amount of H+ and OHions in a solution. More H+ ions means a solution is more acidic, while more OH- ions means the solution is more basic. 19. List and describe the four major classes of organic compounds. carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acids 20. Describe the structure of an atom protons neutrons electrons 3 / 14 Rio Bio 156 Exam 1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_el73yc 21. Explain why radioisotopes are important to biologists. Atoms of a radioisotope have an unstable nucleus that breaks up spontaneously. radioisotopes can be used as or in tracers, which are substances with a detectable component. PET scan