Week 16: Pathophysiology Final Exam (Proctored) Due Aug 20 at 5pm Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 89 minutes 43 out of 50 Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 43 out of 50 Submitted Aug 19 at 11:06pm This attempt took 89 minutes. Question 1 1 / 1 pts A patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what causes polyuria. What is the nurse’s best response? The symptom of polyuria in diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by: a reduced ADH response caused by insulin deficiency. the loss of protein across the glomerular membrane. the production of ketones. increased glucose in the urine. The presence of glucose in the urine filtrate draws water into the tubules, causing an "osmotic diuresis." IncorrectQuestion 2 0 / 1 pts If a patient with diabetes has advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), what does the nurse suspect is happening in the patient's body? Increased ketone formation AGEs cause tissue injury through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of free radicals and the induction of microvascular/macrovascular disease. AGEs do not affect ketone formation. Tissue/cellular injury Dawn phenomenon Reduction of chronic complications Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which information should the nurse include in a lecture on syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? SIADH results in excessive: renal retention of sodium and water. renal excretion of sodium without water retention. renal retention of water without sodium retention. Elevated ADH secretion in SIADH stimulates increased water reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules. renal excretion of water without sodium retention. Question 4 1 / 1 pts A patient has thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following will the nurse find on assessment? Small thyroid nodule Thyroid carcinoma usually presents with small thyroid nodules. Elevated T3 and T4 Large, diffuse goiter Thyroid gland atrophy IncorrectQuestion 5 0 / 1 pts A patient with Graves disease has subcutaneous swelling of the anterior leg. Which term should the nurse document on the chart? Papilledema Papilledema is swelling of the optic disc in the eye. A patient with Graves disease will develop infiltration of subcutaneous tissues of the anterior lower leg, resulting in a "doughy" edema called pretibial myxedema. Pretibial myxedema Diplopia Acropachy Question 6 1 / 1 pts A student nurse asks the nurse what causes acromegaly. The nurse should explain that acromegaly is caused by abnormal increases of: prolactin. growth hormone. Acromegaly from increased growth hormone secretion results in gigantism, as well as other structural and physiological problems. insulin. glucocorticoids. Question 7 1 / 1 pts The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves: autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a slowly progressive autoimmune T cell-mediated disease that destroys beta cells of the pancreas. production of antibodies against alpha cells. type I hypersensitivity against pancreatic mast cells. insulin resistance in cellular receptors. Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which is the appropriate method for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? Measuring urine output Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels Diabetes can be diagnosed by abnormal blood glucose levels either randomly, fasting, glycosylated, or post glucose load. Performing a battery of genetic tests The presence of symptoms is the only definitive method.