Chapter 1 The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Forensic Science Learning Objectives 1. Define investigator. 2. Define the most fundamental purpose of investigation. 3. State four additional objectives of the investigative process. 4. Explain the importance of the Bow Street Runners. 5. Discuss the contribution of Sir Robert Peel’s reform to early policing in the United States. 6. Explain the history and contributions of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. 7. Identify the first major federal investigative agencies and their responsibilities. 8. Explain the Supreme Court’s ―due process revolution‖ and its impact on policing. 9. Discuss Bertillon’s method of anthropometry. 10. Summarize the historical development of fingerprint identification. 11. Explain touch DNA. 12. Describe DNA Phenotyping. Introduction An investigator is someone who systematically gathers, documents, and evaluates evidence and information. This is accomplished through the process of investigation. The most fundamental purpose of criminal investigation and forensic science is to discover the truth. By making this purpose the cornerstone of their behavior, investigators can remain faithful to their oath of office and the accompanying ethical standards. Four additional objectives of the investigative process are to (1) establish that a crime was actually committed; (2) identify and apprehend the suspect(s); (3) recover stolen property; and (4) assist in the prosecution of the person(s) charged