CHAPTER 1 THE HUMAN ORGANISM CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter introduces and emphasizes the important relationship between structure (anatomy) and function (physiology), integrating the six levels of organization and their characteristics. The body plan and basic anatomical terminology are presented with directional terms, planes of section, and general body regions. The major trunk cavities and the serous membranes associated with each are presented. The concept of homeostasis is described, and negative-feedback mechanisms are stressed as the normal means for maintaining homeostasis. The relationship between structure and function and the concept of homeostasis can be powerful organizing themes for an entire course. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this section, the student should be able to: 1.01A. Define anatomy and describe the levels at which anatomy can be studied. 1.01B. Explain the importance of the relationship between structure and function. 1.01C. Define physiology and describe the levels at which physiology can be studied. 1.02A. Describe the six levels of organization of the body and describe the major characteristics of each level. 1.02B. List the eleven organ systems, identify their components, and describe the major functions of each system. 1.03A. List and define six characteristics of life. 1.04A. Define homeostasis and explain why it is important for proper body function. 1.04B. Describe a negative-feedback mechanism and give an example. 1.04C. Describe a positive-feedback mechanism and give an example. 1.05A. Describe a person in anatomical position. 1.05B. Define the directional terms for the human body and use them to locate specific body structures. 1.05C. Know the terms for the parts and regions of the body. 1.05D. Name and describe the three major planes of the body and the body organs. 1.05E. Name and describe the three major ways to c