Chapter 01: An Introduction to Taxation and Understanding the Federal Tax Law Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Because the law is complicated, most individual taxpayers are not able to complete their Federal income tax returns without outside assistance. a. True b. False 2. The ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was necessary to validate the Federal income tax on corporations. a. True b. False 3. Before the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, there was no valid Federal income tax on individuals. a. True b. False 4. The first income tax on individuals (after the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution) levied tax rates from a low of 1% to a high of 6%. a. True b. False 5. The Federal income tax on individuals generates more revenue than the Federal income tax on corporations. a. True b. False 6. The pay-as-you-go feature of the Federal income tax on individuals conforms to Adam Smith’s canon (principle) of certainty. a. True b. False 7. The Medicare component of the FICA tax (1.45% on wages) is progressive since the tax due increases as wages increase. a. True b. False 8. The Federal estate and gift taxes are examples of progressive rate taxes. a. True b. False 9. The Federal excise tax on gasoline has a proportional effect on all taxpayers (that is, neither progressive or regressive). a. True b. False 10. Currently, the Federal corporate income tax is less progressive than the individual income tax. a. True b. False