SPEX303 FINAL EXAM LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

SPEX303 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2023-2024

ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

Indirect calorimetry measures energy utilisation through? - ANSWERRespiratory Gas exchange

What are some limitations to indirect calorimetry? - ANSWER- Dead

space in tube, lag of measurements from long tube

Aerobic metabolism used directly how? - ANSWER- Resynthesis of

ATP

Aerobic metabolism used indirectly how? - ANSWER- Replete

anaerobic sources of ATP (CrP)

What happens to elements of water ingested (doubly labelled water)? In

what forms is it excreted? - ANSWER- Hydrogen excreted through

urine

Oxygen comes out mainly through CO2

Where is most nitrogen excreted from the body? - ANSWER- Urine and

sweat

During anaerobic metabolism, extra CO2 comes from? - ANSWERMetabolic acidosis - more H+ produced, keeping pH around 7 (buffer

system)

R value representative of Carbohydrates? - ANSWER- 1.0

R value representative of Fats? - ANSWER- 0.71

R value representative of Protein? - ANSWER- 0.8

R value representative of Mixed? - ANSWER- 0.82

R value representative of Alcohol? - ANSWER- 0.67

What does Southland Cycling Study tell you about effects of exercise on

body comp? - ANSWER- Exercise can be positive on maintenance of

FFM

Effects of Exercise on RMR - ANSWER- Increased (5-15%) with

intensive exercise for 24-48hr: if exercise is repeated w/in 24-48h,

remains elevated

Can be as much as 400-800 kJ/day

Athletes vs sedentary have as much as 5-20% greater RMR, even after

adjusting for FFM

Little, if any, long-lasting increase following low intensity exercise

Effects of Training on Total Energy Expenditure - ANSWER- Some

cross-sectional studies have shown athletes to be more energy efficient

(i.e. lower energy intake/amount expended)

Do endurance trained females adapt to lose less energy? - ANSWERSome studies show endurance trained much more efficient overall than

untrained.

Increased efficiency of movement has been shown, but not large effect

on TEE, most trained, in training use more E regardless.

What influences fuel selection? - ANSWER- Energy needs (i.e. rate of

ATP needed)

Amounts stored in muscle, circulation

Contraction (Ca++)

Hormones, sympathetic NS

Enzyme activities

Aerobic capacity and blood flow

Transporter molecules

Fat Metabolism differences from CHO - ANSWER- Less ATP/sec

More O2/ATP

Only used aerobically

Not maximised immediately

Greater storage

Increased w exercise duration

Increased w training, at given intensity

CHO Metabolism differences from Fat - ANSWER- More ATP/sec

Less O2/ATP

Used aerobically and anaerobically

Limited glycogen stores

Increased w increasing intensity

Decreased w training at given intensity

Fat and CHO Metabolism Similarities - ANSWER- Greater capacity

with training

Break down products can be metabolised in Krebs Cycle

Low E state of cell enhances release from storage and oxidation

Sympathetic drive and Adren/NorAdren from adrenal glands enhances

release from storage (fatty acids & glucose from glycogen)

Describe demands of Anaerobic Glycolysis - ANSWER- As exercise

intensity increases, more NADH2 formed than can be oxidised in

ETC/oxid phosphorylation . Continued metabolism via glycolysis

requires NAD+ reformed and H2 to be accepted by another molecule.

Hence, temporary reduction of pyruvic acid to form lactic acid.

Reaction increases with increasing energy demands