What is Fluency as defined by ASHA? - ANS-It is the aspect of speech production that refers to the continuity, smoothness, rate, and/or effort with which phonologic, lexical, morphologic, and/or syntactic language units are spoken. True or False: Speech fluency is not the same as language fluency. - ANS-True True or False: Early definitions of stuttering tended to be precise and described the "discriminating" speech characteristics - ANS-False. Early definitions of stuttering tended to be IMPRECISE and did not describe the "discriminating" speech characteristics Whose definition of stuttering is this: "Stuttering is an anticipatory, apprehensive, hypertonic avoidance reaction." (Note: This is an early and imprecise definition) - ANSWendell Johnson et al. (1967) Whose definition of stuttering is this: "Stuttering is words that are improperly patterned in time and the speaker's reactions thereto." (Note: This is an early and imprecise definition) - ANS-Van Riper Whose definition of stuttering is this: "1. (a) Disruption in the fluency of verbal expression, which is (b) characterized by involuntary, audible or silent, repetitions or prolongations in the utterance of short speech elements, namely: sounds, syllables, and words of one syllable. These disruptions (c) usually occur frequently or are marked in character and (d) are not readily controllable. 2. Sometimes the disruptions are (e) accompanied by accessory activities involving the speech apparatus, related or unrelated body structures, or stereotyped speech utterances. These activities give the appearance of being speech-related struggle. 3. Also, there are not infrequently (f) indications or report of the presence of an emotional state, ranging from a general condition of "excitement" or "tension" to more specific emotions of a negative nature such as fear, embarrassment, irritation, or the like. (g) The immediate source of stuttering is some incoordination expressed in the peripheral speech mechanism; the ultimate cause is presently unknown and may be complex or compound." - ANS-Marcel Wingate (1964); He called this the "standard definition" What are the short speech elements? - ANS-Sounds, syllables, and monosyllabic words What theory suggested that calling attention to a child's normal hesitations (repetitions) could precipitate stuttering? - ANS-Johnson's Diagnosogenic Theory of Stuttering (1946) What does SSI stand for? - ANS-Stuttering Severity Instrument