Preface This manual provides detailed solutions to all the end-of-chapter (b) Exercises, and to the odd-numbered Discussion Questions and Problems. Solutions to Exercises and Problems carried over from previous editions have been reworked, modified, or corrected when needed. The solutions to the Problems in this edition rely more heavily on the mathematical and molecular modelling software that is now generally accessible to physical chemistry students, and this is particularly true for many of the new Problems that request the use of such software for their solutions. But almost all of the Exercises and many of the Problems can still be solved with a modem hand-held scientific calculator. When a quantum chemical calculation or molecular modelling process has been called for, we have usually provided the solution with PC Spartan pro™ because of its common availability. In general, we have adhered rigorously to the rules for significant figures in displaying the final answers. However, when intermediate answers are shown, they are often given with one more figure than would be justified by the data. These excess digits are indicated with an overline. We have carefully cross-checked the solutions for errors and expect that most have been eliminated. We would be grateful to any readers who bring any remaining errors to our attention. We warmly thank our publishers for their patience in guiding this complex, detailed project to completion.