Chapter 1 COURTS, CRIME AND CONTROVERSY TEST BANK MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The most influential actor in the courthouse is the: a. judge c. clerk of court b. defense attorney d. prosecutor ANS: D REF: 11 OBJ: 3 2. A trial by a judge without a jury is called a: a. summary trial c. bench trial b. bar trial d. trial de novo ANS: C REF: 14 OBJ: 4 3. The operation of two separate and distinct court systems in the United States is referred to as: a. a dual court system c. separate but equal b. checks and balances d. judicial federalism ANS: A REF: 8 OBJ: 2 4. Coercive police practices are a violation of this essential element of due process. a. equal protection c. self-incrimination b. the third degree d. fundamental fairness ANS: D REF: 17 OBJ: 1, 6 5. The key goal of the crime control model is: a. repression of criminal conduct c