Test Bank For Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition by Mary A. Nies, Melanie McEwen | Complete (All Chapters) 2022-2023

TEST BANK

COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION NIES

TEST BANK

Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition Nies Test Bank

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Chapter 01: Health: A Community View

Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 7th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?

a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.

b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.

c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.

d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.

ANS: C

The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs, which

cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of escalating

health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to

17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions about health

care; however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are concerned. The new health

care system will change the health care access and availability, but will not necessarily be

offering any free services to Americans.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this

involvement important?

a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very

visible in American mediN

a. R I G B.C M

b. Nurses are primarily responUsibSle foNr mTanagingOthe various units in our health care

system.

c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.

d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.

ANS: C

As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the current health

care system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until they are

desperately ill. Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually

believe that health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is central to

our current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to

create a health care delivery system that will meet health needs. While nurses are in several

current TV series and are employed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and other

health care providers are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other

backgrounds, such as business administration.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?

a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical

centers.

b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.

c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.

d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer

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relations.

ANS: B

MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and acute care

is increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an increase in

neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is

recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are

increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the

move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease

the continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather

than high-cost treatment.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?

a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.

b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.

c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.

d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.

ANS: C

Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the environment safe and

in egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology and seeking of cures

within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect and

preserve the health of the population. Although individual autonomy and freedom of choice

are important, so is the recognition of collective responsibility in ensuring social justice,

which entitles all people to basic necessities.

N R I G B.C M

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing healthy

lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices?

a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of

alcohol or drugs, is also needed.

b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.

c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and

vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.

d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and

environmental changes needed for well-being.

ANS: D

Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on personal choices

in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for

community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural restraints to

health.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of

the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients?

a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available

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to clients.

b. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help

increase and expand the number of professionals available.

c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.

d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.

ANS: C

The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation

to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly

address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)

7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?

a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or

wholeness.

b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the

absence of disease or infirmity.

c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in

meeting daily existence.

d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being.

ANS: D

The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices, but choices and

actions of individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better health.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

N R I G B.C M

8. How does community health nursing define community?

a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries

b. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment

c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals

d. A group of persons who resolve a community concern

ANS: B

Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within specific geographic

boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a common identity based on culture,

history, or goals). A particular phenomenological group may or may not have been a planned

group—that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common problem or to

meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group of persons who share a common

identity (phenomenological group) and environment (which implies a specific geographic

setting) is the broadest and most complete definition.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?

a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community

b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community

c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)

d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community

ANS: A