Florence Nightingale’s contributions to nursing practice and education: a. are historically important but have no validity for nursing today. b. were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time. c. were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War. d. were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds. ANS: C By improving sanitation, nutrition ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence Nightingale’s nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean War. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 2. Early nursing education and care in the United States: a. were directed at community health. b. provided independence for women through education and employment. c. were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning. d. have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing. ANS: B Because of the influence of early nursing lead.ers, nursing education became more formalized through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to women through education and employment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 3. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness, prevent illness, facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of: a. caregiver, educator, and collaborator. b. nursing assistant, delegator, and environmental specialist. c. medication dispenser, collaborator, and transporter. d. dietitian, manager, and housekeeper. ANS: A In order for the LPN to apply the common goals of nursing, he or she must assume the roles of caregiver, educator, collaborator, manager, and advocate. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Art and Science of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 4. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their beliefs on common concepts concerning: C