1) What concepts did Florence Nightingale, the first nursing theorist, include in her definition of nursing? A) Caring for the sick and being trained housekeepers B) Using fresh air, cleanliness, diet, and warmth C) Understanding the concept of health promotion D) Blending religion and work life to own and manage hospitals Answer: B Explanation: A) Incorrect. Florence Nightingale raised the status of nursing through education. Nurses were no longer untrained housekeepers but persons educated in the care of the sick. B) Correct. Florence Nightingale is considered the first nursing theorist and described nursing in 1860 as the "use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and the proper selection and administration of diet." C) Incorrect. In 1960 Virginia Henderson's more modern definition included care of the individual sick or well. This care of individuals who are well indicated an understanding of the concept of health promotion. D) Incorrect. French-Canadian religious communities owned and managed hospitals, blending religion and work life. Type: MC Learning Outcome: 1-1 2) Which group commonly provided midwifery and childhood illnesses care to Canada's white settlers? A) Victorian Order of Nurses B) First Nations women C) The Quiet Revolution of Quebec D) Newfoundland outport nurses Answer: B Explanation: A) Incorrect. The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) was not founded until 1897. B) Correct. First Nations women provided much needed help to white settlers. This help was critical to the survival of the new white communities. The expertise was particularly in the areas of midwifery and childhood illnesses. C) Incorrect. The Quiet Revolution in Quebec took place in the 1960s. D) Incorrect. Outport nursing did not emerge until the time the VON was established. Type: MC Learning Outcome: 1-1