The origins of vertebrate immune cells 1.1 Multiple choice: In patients with lymphomas, the cancer cells invade the bone marrow and destroy the environment required for normal hematopoiesis. This leads to bone marrow failure, which disrupts the production of hematopoietic cell lineages. All of the following cell types would be affected by this EXCEPT: A. Red blood cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. Endothelial cells E. Granulocytes Principles of innate immunity 1-1 Commensal organisms cause little host damage while pathogens damage host tissues by a variety of mechanisms 1.2 True/False: Our immune system efficiently kills all categories of microbes that attempt to colonize our bodies. 1.3 Short answer: Pathogenic organisms cause damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms, depending on the category of the pathogen and its mode of replication in the host. Give an example of two different types of pathogens that are unlikely to be dealt with by the same mechanism of immune protection. 1-2 Anatomic and chemical barriers are the first defense against pathogens 1.4 Multiple choice: The skin and bodily secretions provide the first line of defense against infection. One response in this category that is common during upper respiratory virus infections is: A. Production of antibodies B. Infiltration by white blood cells C. Mucus production D. Increased saliva production E. Fever 1-3 The immune system is activated by inflammatory inducers that indicate the presence of pathogens or tissue damage