TEST BANK Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 10e (Peak) Chapter 1 History: From English Origins to the United States 1.1 Multiple Choice 1) The sheriff was formerly known as the ________. A) deputy B) shire reeve C) constable D) tax collector Answer: B Page Ref: 3 Objective: Explain the four major police-related offices and their functions during the early English and colonial periods. Level: Basic 2) The coroner's inquest closely resembles a ________. A) grand jury B) pre-plea conference C) court work group D) juvenile court hearing Answer: A Page Ref: 6 Objective: Explain the four major police-related offices and their functions during the early English and colonial periods. Level: Basic 3) The origins of modern policing in America can be linked to ________. A) colonial policing B) English heritage C) change in laws D) change in policing procedures Answer: B Page Ref: 7 Objective: Explain the four major police-related offices and their functions during the early English and colonial periods. Level: Intermediate 132 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) When Henry Fielding died, his "thief-takers" evolved into a group called the ________ Runners, under John Fielding. A) Bow Street B) Ryland Street C) Rommero Street D) Pembroke Street Answer: A Page Ref: 10 Objective: Explain the old English and colonial systems of policing and their legacies. Level: Intermediate 5) Patrick Colquhoun, serving as London's ________, focused on ________. A) mayor/elections B) sheriff/capturing felons C) magistrate/reform of police D) constable/social reform Answer: C Page Ref: 10 Objective: Explain the old English and colonial systems of policing and their legacies. Level: Intermediate 6) Peel's nine "principles of policing" emphasized ________. A) maximum punishment to the offender B) setting an example to the community C) rehabilitation D) prevention of crime Answer: D Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe changes in policing in the nineteenth century in England and the United States. Level: Intermediate 7) Which of the following early forms of policing strictly performed an enforcement function and had no nonpolice functions? A) Constables B) Watchmen C) Slave patrols D) Sheriffs 133 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer: C Page Ref: 14 Objective: Describe changes in policing in the nineteenth century in England and the United States. Level: Intermediate 8) Which of the three eras of policing emphasized crime control and preventive patrol? A) The political era B) The reform era C) The community era D) The urban reclamation era Answer: B Page Ref: 15 Objective: Describe the reform era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Intermediate 9) The movement to improve American policing began in ________. A) Atlanta B) New York City C) Pittsburgh D) Chicago Answer: B Page Ref: 15 Objective: Describe the political era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Basic 10) In the late 1800s in New York, the police reform board was headed by ________. A) Theodore Roosevelt B) August Vollmer C) Henry Fielding D) William Penn Answer: A Page Ref: 17 Objective: Describe the political era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Basic 11) U.S. Marshals in the Old West had no jurisdiction over crimes involving ________. A) theft of mail B) railroad property C) private property D) murder on federal lands 134 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer: C Page Ref: 20 Objective: Describe changes in policing in the nineteenth century in England and the United States. Level: Intermediate 12) August Vollmer's most daring innovation was the idea of a(n) ________. A) bicycle patrol B) police school C) foot patrol D) auto patrol Answer: B Page Ref: 23 Objective: Describe the reform era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Intermediate 13) The Wickersham Commission completed the first national study of ________. A) corrections B) criminals C) investigations D) crime and criminal justice Answer: D Page Ref: 25 Objective: Describe the reform era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Basic 14) William Parker's greatest success as police chief, typical of the new professionalism, came in ________. A) administrative reorganization B) personnel recruitment C) budgeting D) legal matters Answer: A Page Ref: 26 Objective: Describe the reform era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Difficult 135 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc. 15) To William Parker, police were the "thin blue line" and the rights of took precedence over the rights of the ________. A) individual B) society C) administrators D) police Answer: A Page Ref: 26 Objective: Describe the reform era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Difficult 16) The police-race relations problems that exploded during the civil rights movement illustrated some of the problems with which era of policing? A) The political era B) The reform era C) The community era D) The urban reclamation era Answer: B Page Ref: 27 Objective: Describe the reform era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Difficult 17) Two reasons for the scarcity of studies into police functions and methods prior to the 1960s were ________. A) police resistance to outside scrutiny, and the view that traditional methods worked well B) a belief that they had already been over-studied, and disagreement over research methods C) the fact that crimes were decreasing, and the influence of police unions D) None of the above Answer: A Page Ref: 28 Objective: Describe the reform era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Intermediate 18) Among the recommendations of the President's Crime Commission were ________. A) hiring more minority members as officers B) hiring better educated officers C) better applicant screening and intensive pre-service training D) All of the above 136 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer: D Page Ref: 28 Objective: Describe the community era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Intermediate 19) The President's Crime Commission brought policing "full circle," restating several of the same principles that were laid out by ________. A) J. Edgar Hoover B) Sir Robert Peel C) William Parker D) O. W. Wilson Answer: B Page Ref: 28 Objective: Describe the community era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Basic 20) Today the police are in the ________ era. A) reform B) political C) community policing D) urban reclamation Answer: C Page Ref: 29-30 Objective: Describe the community era of policing and list its major characteristics. Level: Basic 1.2 True/False 1) The office of constable carried no salary and the duties were often very dangerous. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 4 Objective: Explain the four major police-related offices and their functions during the early English and colonial periods. Level: Basic 2) In America, the position of constable fell into disfavor largely because they were viewed as untrained and inadequate. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 4