Chapter 1: Reading Instruction That Works Chapter 1 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 1.1: Define the term ―reading‖ and discuss how the definition of literacy has been broadened over the past several decades by major reports on the effectiveness of reading instruction in the U.S. [Q1] Reading is: 1. Decoding written symbols into speech and then making sense of recovered speech [correct] 2. An expression of your personal identity linked to social interactions with others 3. A mirror of personal book choices and reading materials selected 4. Any act of communication including clothing and hairstyle selections and Tik Tok videos [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Reading is a specific cognitive act within the broad scope of the socio-cultural term— literacy. Reading involves decoding written or printed symbols to recover speech and then comprehending the speech that was recovered. Saying words is not reading; we must be able to assign appropriate meanings to (comprehend) words, phrases, sentences, and larger, longer discourse units. [Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Personal identity is part of the broader socio-cultural communicative activity of literacy but it is not reading. Reading is a specific cognitive act that involves perception of symbols and recording these to speech and then connecting (inner or aloud) speech to one’s store of background knowledge and experiences. [Feedback for Answer Choice 3]