Why is a measure of serum lactate obtained in the initial assessment of the trauma patient?

Answer: c - Answer a) to measure oxygenation and ventilation

b) to quantify the base deficit for the adequacy of cellular perfusion

c) *to gauge end-organ perfusion and tissue hypoxia **

d) to determine the underlying cause of shock

A trauma patient is restless and repeatedly asking "where am I?" vital signs upon arrival were BP 100/60 mm Hg, HR 96 beats/min, and RR 24 breaths/min. Her skin is cool and dry. Current vital signs are BP 104/84mm Hg, HR 108, RR 28 breaths/min. The patient is demonstrating signs and symptoms of which stage of shock?

Answer: A- Answer A) compensated**

B) Progressive

C) irreversible

D) decompensated

An elderly patient with a history of anticoagulant use presents after a fall at home that day, she denies any loss of consciousness. She has a hematoma to her forehead and complains of headache, dizziness, and nausea. Which is a most likely cause of her symptoms?