USMLE Step 1 questions What gland is found in the muscular triangle of the neck? - Answer: Thyroid gland Is an afferent or efferent pupillary defect described as B/L pupillary constriction when light is shined in the unaffected eye and B/L paradoxical dilation when light is shined in the affected eye? - Answer: Afferent pupillary defect (CN II lesion); in an efferent pupillary defect (CN III), B/L constrict when light is shined in the unaffected eye and consensual pupil constriction occurs when light is shined in the affected eye. What is the name of the spinal cord passing within the subarachnoid space and forming the spinal nerves that exit the lumbar and sacral foramina? - Answer: Cauda equina Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Pulls the arytenoids cartilages closer to the thyroid, relaxing the vocal ligaments and thereby decreasing the pitch - Answer: Thyroarytenoid muscles Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Tenses the vocal ligaments, increasing the distance between the cartilages, thereby increasing the pitch - Answer: Cricothyroid muscles Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Adducts the vocal ligaments, closes the air passageway during swallowing, and allows phonation - Answer: Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles USMLE Step 1 questions Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Only muscle to abduct the vocal cords - Answer: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles Where does the parotid (Stensen's) duct enter the oral cavity? - Answer: Opposite the second upper molar tooth From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Common and internal carotid arteries - Answer: Third aortic arch MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Degenerates - Answer: Fifth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Stapes artery - Answer: Second MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Maxillary artery - Answer: First MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Arch of the aorta and right subclavian artery - Answer: Fourth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives USMLE Step 1 questions From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Right and left pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus - Answer: Sixth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives What abdominal muscle contributes to the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, forms the inguinal ligament, and in men gives rise to the external spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord? - Answer: External abdominal oblique Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. • Adduct the thigh and flex the hip - Answer: Medial compartment of the thigh, obturator nerve Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. • Plantar flex the foot, flex the toes, and invert the foot - Answer: Posterior compartment of the leg, tibial nerve Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. • Dorsiflex the foot, extend the toes, and invert the foot - Answer: Anterior compartment of the leg, deep peroneal nerve Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. • Flex the hip and extend the knee - Answer: Anterior compartment of the thigh, femoral nerve USMLE Step 1 questions Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. • Extend the hip and flex the knee - Answer: Posterior compartment of the thigh, tibial nerve Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. • Plantar flex the foot and evert the foot - Answer: Lateral compartment of the leg, superficial peroneal nerve What are the five branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? - Answer: STARS 1. Upper Subscapularis 2. Thoracodorsal 3. Axillary 4. Radial 5. Lower Subscapularis Name the correct artery. • The right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes around it. - Answer: Right brachiocephalic artery Name the correct artery. • The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes around it. - Answer: Arch of the aorta The inferior mesenteric artery drains into it. - Answer: The splenic vein Are the quadrate and caudate lobes of the liver functionally part of the left or right lobe? - Answer: Functionally they are part of the left lobe of the liver because they receive their blood supply from the left hepatic artery. Anatomically they are considered part of the right lobe of the liver.