1. Which of the following is NOT found as a unifying element in all life forms? A) double stranded helical DNA as genetic material B) metabolism C) evolution from a common ancestor D) single stranded RNA as genetic material E) Cellular structure 2. Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? A) animal B) plant C) archaea D) fungi E) protists 3. Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Archaea and Monera C) Eukarya and Monera D) Bacteria and Protista E) Bacteria and Archaea 4. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen E) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium 5. Sodium-22 is the most common isotope of Na and has a mass number of 11. However, the atomic mass of Na is slightly more; 22.990 daltons. Why? A) The atomic mass does not include the mass of electrons. B) Some sodium atoms in nature have an extra proton. C) Some sodium atoms in nature have more neutrons. D) Some sodium atoms in nature have a different valence electron distribution. E) Some sodium atoms in nature have undergone radioactive decay. 6. What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?