Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids? 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3' 5' - UAU GCC CUA CGA - 3' 5' - AUC CAG UAA AAG - 3' 5' - GUC UGA CAC CGG - 3' 2. Which template strand DNA sequence would result in the amino acid (Ser)? 5' – CGA - 3' 5' - AGC - 3' 5' – TCG - 3' 5' - TAG - 3' 3. What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence? 5’ – GCC ATC TCG AAT – 3’ 5’ – CGG TAG AGC TTA – 3’ 5’ – ATT CGA GAT GGC – 3’ 5’ – TAA CGA GAT CCG – 3’ 5’ – CGG ATG TCG TTA – 3’ 4. Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete PCR cycles? 24 16 8 4 5. What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? It separates the two DNA strands so that replication may occur. It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence. It synthesizes primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence. It links the products of PCR together to generate a complete strand. 6. 115 116 117 118 − Amino Acid Number Tyr Gly Thr Pro − Amino Acid Sequence TAC GGG ACA CCA − DNA Sequence What is the amino acid in position 118 that results from a single nucleotide insertion immediately following the three guanines that encode for glycine 116? Thr Pro His Met 7. In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number six is mutated to valine (Val). What change in codons corresponds to the correct DNA mutation? GAA to GTA GAA to GAT GAC to GTC GGU to GTT 8. Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction. What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people addicted to cocaine increases their expression? The DNA bases are chemically modified with methyl groups. The nucleosomes become more widely spaced. Transcription factors have less access to the promoter region. RNA polymerase cannot bind better to the terminator region. 9. What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA? Alternative start codons are used during translation. mRNA from different genes are linked together to produce spliced mRNA. Introns are inserted into the final mRNA sequence. Alternate combinations of exons within the same gene are linked together. 10. Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is homologous to the damaged chromosome? Base excision repair Recombination Nucleotide excision repair Mismatch repair 11. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional. Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general population? The mutated nucleotide excision gene products increase cell proliferation. The mutated nucleotide excision gene products induce a higher mutation rate in other genes. The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair. The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to increased rates of thymine-dimer formation. 12. Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box? Amino group Carboxyl group Side chain Alpha carbon 13. Which portion of the amino acid is inside the box? Amino group Carboxyl group Side chain Alpha carbon 14. Which pair of amino acids will form a hydrogen bond between their side chains? 15. Which amino acid would most likely participate in ionic bonds? 16. Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein? Hydrophobic effect