1. In the context of healthcare quality improvement, which of the following best describes the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle? A. A method for rapid hypothesis testing B. A statistical tool for data analysis C. A documentation system for patient records D. A cost-reduction strategy Answer: A. A method for rapid hypothesis testing Rationale: The PDSA cycle is a four-step model for carrying out change. It is used to test an idea by trialing a change and assessing its impact. 2. Which quality management principle emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system? A. Continuous improvement B. Process approach C. Leadership D. Evidence-based decision making Answer: B. Process a