Powers under the Articles of Confederation ✔✔1. Could exchange Ambassadors 2. Make treaties with foreign governments and Indian Tribes 3. Declare War 4. Borrow Money 5. Settle disputes among States Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation ✔✔no power to tax, President lacked power, no money to buy ships no money pay soldiers no national judiciary New Jersey Plan ✔✔William Paterson Three Branches of Government The states had the power Every state had one vote one chamber legislature, unicameral Supremacy clause "Law of the Land" Virginia Plan ✔✔James Madison Three Branches of government Two-chamber in a legislative Bicameral legislature: House: elected by the people Senate: appointed by the legislature Votes based on population Could tax, regulate trade, veto down state laws, create an army The Great Compromises ✔✔1. combined the two ideas from the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey plan. 2. The 3/5 slavery ruling 3. Slave owners could reclaim their slaves in states where they had fled. 4. Slaves could only be freed if they were born in the US and was over the age of 28 Articles of Confederation with a Congress ✔✔1. representation based on the population 2. the the weak national government and a strong states Federalists ✔✔supporters of the Constitution Anti-Federalists ✔✔people who opposed the Constitution Federalist Paper #10 ✔✔Written by James Madison to convince people to support the ratification of the constitution. Argued that factions were inevitable but were best controlled by a large republic that employed a Federalist structure. Argued that competition among factions would limit their negative impacts. Federalist Paper # 51 ✔✔•Written by James Madison •Defines the relationship among the three branches of government as independent. •To stay independent, no branch should have total power to choose members of the other branches •By creating a bicameral legislature, it protects the people from legislative tyranny •Explains that each branch of government should be selected in different ways What was a major difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? ✔✔The Articles of Confederation did not provide for a national judiciary. Why did the framers design the government under the Articles of Confederation with a Congress? ✔✔They wanted a government based on the representation of the population