WGU D027 Final Exam Comprehensive Study Guide (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A

WGU D027 Final Exam Comprehensive

Study Guide (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update)

Advanced Pathopharmacological

Foundations| Questions and Verified

Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A

Q: primary malignant tumor

Answer:

lack of organization of cells

Q: glucocorticoids

Answer:

used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). glucocorticoids are

directly toxic to lymphoid tissues.

Q: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM)

Answer:

for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and

recurrence risk)

Q: Heart failure

Answer:

impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet metabolic need of the

body.

Q: CHF

Answer:

heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary area

Q: Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Answer:

reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting blood.

Q: normal ejection fraction

Answer:

55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat)

Q: Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved?

Answer:

preserved

Q: Diastolic CHF

Answer:

preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling

Q: Systolic CHF

Answer:

reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting

Q: Left sided CHF

Answer:

pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1 cause of Right sided CHF

Q: BNP

Answer:

gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF

Q: Echocardiogram

Answer:

Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function

Q: At Risk for HF - Stage A

Answer:

no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure

Q: Stage A HF co-morbidities

Answer:

htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with

family history

Q: Therapy goals of stage A HF

Answer:

treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage regular exercise, treat lipid disorders,

discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome

Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan, benicar,

diovan, etc)

Q: At Risk for HF - Stage B

Answer:

structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure

Q: Stage B HF co-morbidities

Answer:

previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low EF, asymptomatic valvular disease

Q: Therapy goals of Stage B HF

Answer:

Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers, inplantable defibrillators

Q: Stage C heart failure

Answer:

structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF