implicit memory ✔✔type of long term learning that doesn't require conscious thought to learn (memory made without intent) chunk ✔✔process of grouping info together using prior knowledge (ex. Chess player study) classical conditioning ✔✔stimulus-stimulus associative learning encoding ✔✔the pact of putting info into memory habituation ✔✔response to a stimulus-stimulus decreases with exposure implicit learning ✔✔acquiring knowledge without intent that we can't easily express incidental learning ✔✔learning that happens without intention to learn metacognition ✔✔knowledge/skills and awareness people have of their own learning and memory nonassociative learning ✔✔single repeated exposure leads to a change in behavior operant conditioning ✔✔stimulus-response associative learning perceptual learning ✔✔aspects of our perception changes as a result of experience Sensitization ✔✔response to a stimulus increases with exposure transfer-appropriate processing ✔✔memory performance is better when the test uses the same type of knowledge as the encoding activity working memory ✔✔memory used to hold onto information temporarily (example: keeping your place in a multiplication problem) behaviorism ✔✔study of behavior cognitive psychology ✔✔the study of mental processes conciousness ✔✔awareness of ourselves and our environment empiricism ✔✔idea that knowledge comes from experience (promoted by John Locke and Thomas Reid eugenics ✔✔process of selective breeding to promote desired traits flashbulb memory ✔✔vivid and highly detailed memory of an emotionally significant event functionalism ✔✔area of american psych that focused on the utility of conciousness (how we think) gestalt psych ✔✔attempt to study the unity of experience introspection ✔✔method of focusing on internal processes neural impulse ✔✔enables neurons to communicate (discovered by Helmholtz) practicioner-scholar method ✔✔training of professional psychologists that emphasizes clinical practice psychophysics ✔✔study of relationships between physical stimuli and their perception (studied by Ernest Weber and Gustav Fechner) realism ✔✔POV that emphasizes the importance of the senses in providing knowledge of the outside world scientist-practitioner model ✔✔model of training professional psychologists that emphasizes both research and clinical skills structuralism ✔✔area of american psych seeking to describe the elements of consciousness empirical methods ✔✔approach to inquiry using actual measurement and observation ethics ✔✔guidelines set by psychologists to protect human and animal test subject theories ✔✔groups of closely related phenomena or observations systematic observation ✔✔careful observation of the natural world with the goal of further understanding of it confounds ✔✔factors that undermine the ability to draw causal influences from an experiment experimenter expectations ✔✔when the experimenter's expectations influence the outcome of the experiment longitudinal study ✔✔a study that is conducted over a long period of time