Technique: Direct Speech In media res (in the middle of the action) Effect on the reader: both the direct speech and starting in the middle of the action give a feeling of action, urgency and excitement for the reader. Quote: "We'll check the ring numbers against the Article 10's" Technique Effect on reader Technique: Irony or proleptic Effect on the reader: The cautionary words about going home with the wrong birds are proleptic or looking to the future This sets up a suspicion in the readers mind. By the end of the article is clear that the wrong bird on paper is the right bird in real life to which there is a sense of irony. Quote: "don't want you going home with the wrong bird" Technique Effect on reader Technique: Simple language/word choices Effect on reader: Vividly convey the visual of the boxes. Quote: "at their parcel tape handles, their doors of thin plywood and hinges of carefully tied string" Technique Effect on reader Technique: short sentence Effect on reader: emphasis the fact that the sight of humans would scare the hawk Quote: "Like us" Technique Effect on reader Technique: Series of short, incomplete sentences Effect on the reader: creates a feeling of pace, tension excitement and potential danger as well as anticipation. Quote: "Another hinge untied. Concentration. Infinite caution. Daylight irrigating the box" Technique Effect on reader Technique: Italics Onomatopeia simile Effect on reader: Italicised thump makes the word seem more violent and forceful which communicates the nature of the bird in the box. The word thump his onomatoeic. Sounding like the action of hitting. Adds to the sensory description and vivid picture for the reader. The simile compares the sound to some one punching the box. This is both violent and suggests the bird wants to escape and doesn't like being caged. All of these techniques contribute to a sense of foreboding, dread and point to the dangerous nature of what is in the box. Quote: "A sudden thump of feathered shoulders and the box shook as if something had punched it" Technique Effect on reader Technique: metaphor Effect on the reader:creates the impression of light flooding into the box. This is effective because it is strange, mixing the imagery of light and water. It creates excitement and engages the reader Quote: "Daylight irrigating the box" Technique Effect on reader Technique: Onomatopeia (clatter) Listing of attributes all connected with and Effect on reader: List and description of sounds adds to the jumbled succession of impressions. The speed and chaotic noisy nature of the moment is bought alive for the reader. Quote: "and amidst a whirring , chaotic, clatter of wings and feet and talons and a high pitched twittering and it's all happening at once" Technique Effect on reader