2025/2026 ASVAB General Science Flashcards

Geology - ANS-The study of the planet Earth as it pertains to the composition, structure,
and origin of its rocks.
What's a Mineral? - ANS-Naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a definite chemical
composition and orderly internal crystal structure.
Polymorph - ANS-two minerals that have the same chemical composition but a different
crystal structure
What's a Rock? - ANS-Aggregates of one or more minerals, and may also contain
mineraloids, and organic remains.
An Aggregate is? - ANS-A material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass
of fragments or particles.
What's a Mineraloid? - ANS-Materials lacking in crystalline structure.
What are the three types of Rocks? - ANS-Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
How is a rock classified? - ANS-Based on both their formation and material content.
How is a Mineral classified? - ANS-By their chemical composition.
Petrology - ANS-scientific study of rocks (Composition, structure, texture, occurrence,
mode of formation, and history.)
Mineralogy - ANS-the study of minerals
How are sedimentary rocks formed? - ANS-By the process of lithification, involving
compaction, the expulsion of liquids from pores, and the cement action of pre-existing
rock.
Which is a part of the process of forming at Sedimentary rock? - ANS-Pressure and
temperature
Where are sedimentary rocks formed? - ANS-In layers in the presence of water, it also
may contain organic remains such as fossils
What are the three groups of Sedimentary rocks? - ANS-Detrital, Biogenic, Chemical
How is igneous rock formed? - ANS-From magma cooling.