Question 1
S. is a 59-year-old female who has been followed for several years for aortic regurgitation. Serial
echocardiography has demonstrated normal ventricular function, but the patient was lost to
follow-up for the last 16 months and now presents complaining of activity intolerance and
weight gain. Physical examination reveals a grade IV/VI diastolic aortic murmur and 2+ lower
extremity edema to the midcalf. The AGACNP considers which of the following as the most
appropriate management strategy?
A. Serial echocardiography every 6 months
B. Begin a calcium channel antagonist
C. Begin an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
D. Surgical consultation and intervention
Question 2
An ascending thoracic aneurysm of > 5.5 cm is universally considered an indication for surgical
repair, given the poor outcomes with sudden rupture. Regardless of the aneurysm’s size, all of
the following are additional indications for immediate operation except:
A. Comorbid Marfan’s syndrome
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