Module 3 Case Study AP1 1 out of 1 points Alyssa is a 74-year-old female patient who presents to her primary care provider for a routine physical. She states that she feels “quite healthy” and has no complaints other than mild back pain. She has a family history of various cancers, diabetes, and osteoporosis,so she knows that it isimportant to stay active and keep up with screenings and annual physical exams. Alyssa’s provider finds that she has lost 10 pounds since last year’s exam. She is almost a full inch shorter, as well. Alyssa’s providersuspectsthat she may have osteoporosis. Which other two factors would support that other diagnosis? Selected Answer: A history ofsmoking and being post-menopausal • Question 2 Explain, in your own words, how Alyssa’s loss of height could be related to her possible osteoporosis diagnosis. 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Respons e Feedbac k: There are no signs or symptoms of early bone density loss, but there are symptoms that can be felt and seen after the affects of osteoporosis have had on her bones. One symptom is height loss, which is one of the biggest signs that care providers look for. She also has accompanying back pain that could indicate a possible bone fracture in the spine. The loss of height would be an indication that osteoporosis is a possibility for this back pain. Reference Mayo Clinic. (2016, July 6). Osteoporosis - Diagnosis and treatment. Retrieved April 18, 2018, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/osteoporosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351968 Great job formatting the reference! • Question 3 Alyssa’s provider orders a DEXA scan. Which of the following T-score outcomes would indicate a diagnosis of osteoporosis? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: - 2.6 • Question 4 Why might Alyssa’s provider ask her about her diet? Provide two reasons and 1 out of 1 points explain how they are related to osteoporosis. Selected Answer: Alyssa's provider might ask her about her diet to see if she is taking in enough vitamin D and calcium, as well as seeing if she is intaking too much sodium in her diet. Calcium is the best thing you can have in your diet to help improve bone strength. You can get this in your meals through milk, yogurt, cheese, and green leafy vegetables. However, if she is not getting enough vitamin D as well from foods like, liver, fortified milk, orange juice or egg yolks, that calcium will not be absorbed into the bones. Another place to get vitamin D is the sun, if unable to get enough through foods or supplements. Her provider might be curious about her salt intake as well. A diet high in salt, or sodium, causes calcium loss in our body's, weakening out bones. If she is intaking too much sodium, regardless of the amount of calcium she is also intaking, it will affect the absorption. Reference Ward, E. M. (2008, January 9). Osteoporosis diet dangers - foods to avoid. Retrieved April 18, 2018, from https://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/features/diet-dangers#1 Respons e Feedbac k: For the reference, the date should be (n.d.) as we do not use reviewed dates - only actual dates or if it would state 'updated on.' • Question 5 1 out of 1 points Explain how the body controls calcium levels in the bones and blood. Be sure to describe the roles of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin in detail. Selected Answer: If calcium levels fall short in the blood, the parathyroid gland releases PTH (parathyroid hormone) to the osteoclast cells in the bone to release calcium from the surface layers of the bone. PTH also sends a signal to the kidney to absorb more calcium before it is excreted through the urine. If calcium levels are too high in the blood, another hormone called calcitonin is released. Calcitonin sends signals to the osteoclasts to stop, or slow down, the release of calcium from the bone. The osteoclasts are able to start and stop the release of calcium as soon as it receives these signals. Reference American Bone Health. (2017). How the body maintains calcium levels. Retrieved April 18, 2018, from https://americanbonehealth.org/nutrition/how-the-body-maintains-calciumlevels/ Respons e Feedbac k: For the reference, the date should be (n.d.) as we do not use copyright dates in the footer of the web page - only actual dates or if it would state 'updated on.'