1. Which of the following microorganisms is most likely to be found in a hospital setting and poses a high risk for nosocomial infections? A. Escherichia coli B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Bacillus cereus D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Answer: B. Staphylococcus aureus Rationale: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found on the skin and nasal passages of humans and can cause a wide range of infections, particularly in hospital settings where immunocompromised patients are at risk. 2. A patient presents with a wound that is slow to heal and has a sweet, fruity odor. Which type of bacteria is most commonly associated with this presentation? A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa B. Streptococcus pyogenes C. Clostridium perfringens D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Answer: A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rationale: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for its distinctive sweet, fruity odor and its ability to colonize wounds, leading to delayed healing. 3. In the context of microbiology, what is the significance of the Gram stain? A. It differentiates bacterial species into two groups based on cell wall composition. B. It identifies the presence of viruses within a sample. C. It measures the concentration of bacteria in a sample. D. It detects the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Answer: A. It differentiates bacterial species into two groups