1. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the diet of an individual? A. To provide structural support B. To serve as a buffer in metabolic processes C. To supply energy D. To enhance absorption of vitamins Answer: C. To supply energy Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy, and they are crucial for the functioning of organs, muscles, and the nervous system. 2. Which vitamin is most important for the synthesis of visual pigments in the eye? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D Answer: A. Vitamin A Rationale: Vitamin A is essential for the formation of rhodopsin, a pigment found in the retina that is vital for night vision. 3. In assessing a patient's nutritional status, which anthropometric measurement is commonly used to evaluate protein reserves? A. Body mass index (BMI) B. Waist-to-hip ratio C. Mid-upper arm circumference D. Skin-fold thickness Answer: C. Mid-upper arm circumference Rationale: Mid-upper arm circumference is a direct measure of muscle mass and is used to assess protein-energy malnutrition. 4. What is the role of dietary fiber in weight management?