1. What is the primary function of chromosomes within the cell? A. Energy production B. Protein synthesis C. Genetic information storage D. Lipid metabolism Answer: C. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA, the molecule that holds the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known organisms. 2. Which of the following best describes the term 'karyotype'? A. A sequence of nucleotides in DNA B. The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell C. The process by which DNA is copied before cell division D. A type of protein that DNA wraps around Answer: B. A karyotype is the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. 3. During which phase of cell division do the chromosomes become visible and the nuclear membrane dissolves? A. Anaphase B. Telophase C. Prophase D. Interphase Answer: C. During prophase, the first stage of cell division, chromosomes become visible and the nuclear envelope breaks down. 4. What is the significance of meiosis in genetics? A. It produces identical daughter cells. B. It results in the doubling of chromosome number. C. It leads to genetic variation in offspring. D. It is the primary form of asexual reproduction. Answer: C. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells, leading to genetic diversity. 5. Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by an extra