1. A 50-year-old male presents with muscle weakness and atrophy, fasciculations, and hyperreflexia. Which condition is most likely? A) Multiple sclerosis B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) C) Myasthenia gravis D) Parkinson's disease Answer: B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Rationale: The symptoms are indicative of ALS, a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. 2. A patient exhibits tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Which neurodegenerative disorder should be suspected? A) Alzheimer's disease B) Parkinson's disease C) Huntington's disease D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Answer: B) Parkinson's disease Rationale: These are classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease, caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. 3. A 30-year-old female complains of double vision, tingling in her extremities, and periods of weakness. Which diagnosis is most consistent with these symptoms? A) Guillain-Barré syndrome B) Multiple sclerosis C) Bell's palsy D) Stroke Answer: B) Multiple sclerosis Rationale: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination in the CNS, leading to symptoms such as double vision, paresthesia, and muscle weakness. 4. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome? A) Herpes simplex virus B) Campylobacter jejuni