1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the consolidation of long-term memories? A) Dopamine B) Acetylcholine C) Serotonin D) GABA Answer: B) Acetylcholine Rationale: Acetylcholine plays a key role in the process of memory consolidation, turning short-term memories into long-term ones, particularly in the hippocampus. 2. During which stage of sleep are declarative memories believed to be consolidated? A) REM sleep B) Stage 1 NREM sleep C) Stage 2 NREM sleep D) Slow-wave sleep Answer: D) Slow-wave sleep Rationale: Slow-wave sleep, also known as deep sleep, is thought to be critical for the consolidation of declarative memories. 3. What is the term for the phenomenon where recent memories are more likely to be recalled than older memories? A) Primacy effect B) Recency effect C) Serial position effect D) Proactive interference Answer: B) Recency effect Rationale: The recency effect is part of the serial position curve and refers to the tendency to remember the most recently presented information best. 4. Which part of the brain is most associated with emotional memory? A) Hippocampus B) Amygdala C) Prefrontal cortex D) Cerebellum Answer: B) Amygdala