1. A 22-year-old college athlete is aiming to improve performance. Which dietary approach is most beneficial for enhancing athletic performance? A) High-carbohydrate, moderate protein, low fat B) High-protein, moderate carbohydrate, low fat C) Balanced macronutrient intake with a focus on micronutrients D) High-fat, low carbohydrate, moderate protein Answer: A) High-carbohydrate, moderate protein, low fat Rationale: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source during exercise, especially in endurance sports. Adequate carbohydrate intake helps to maintain blood glucose levels and replenish muscle glycogen. 2. A patient with anorexia nervosa is admitted for treatment. What is the initial nutritional goal in the management of this patient? A) Rapid weight gain to reach a BMI of 18.5 B) Gradual weight gain with a focus on establishing normal eating patterns C) Immediate introduction of a high-calorie diet to reverse malnutrition D) Encouragement of self-directed meal planning and portion control Answer: B) Gradual weight gain with a focus on establishing normal eating patterns Rationale: The initial goal is to stabilize the patient's condition and start gradual weight gain. A slow and steady approach helps to reduce the risk of refeeding syndrome and allows for the establishment of healthy eating behaviors. 3. During a community health screening, a nurse identifies a child with signs of undernutrition. Which of the following is a common physical finding in undernourished children? A) Increased muscle mass B) Edema in the lower extremities C) Prolonged clotting time D) Hyperactivity Answer: B) Edema in the lower extremities Rationale: Edema, particularly in the lower extremities, is a sign of protein-energy malnutrition, as proteins are necessary to maintain plasma oncotic pressure and prevent fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces.