1. A 22-year-old college athlete is aiming to improve performance. Which
dietary approach is most beneficial for enhancing athletic performance?
A) High-carbohydrate, moderate protein, low fat
B) High-protein, moderate carbohydrate, low fat
C) Balanced macronutrient intake with a focus on micronutrients
D) High-fat, low carbohydrate, moderate protein
Answer: A) High-carbohydrate, moderate protein, low fat
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source during exercise,
especially in endurance sports. Adequate carbohydrate intake helps to
maintain blood glucose levels and replenish muscle glycogen.
2. A patient with anorexia nervosa is admitted for treatment. What is the
initial nutritional goal in the management of this patient?
A) Rapid weight gain to reach a BMI of 18.5
B) Gradual weight gain with a focus on establishing normal eating
patterns
C) Immediate introduction of a high-calorie diet to reverse malnutrition
D) Encouragement of self-directed meal planning and portion control
Answer: B) Gradual weight gain with a focus on establishing normal
eating patterns
Rationale: The initial goal is to stabilize the patient's condition and start
gradual weight gain. A slow and steady approach helps to reduce the risk
of refeeding syndrome and allows for the establishment of healthy eating
behaviors.
3. During a community health screening, a nurse identifies a child with
signs of undernutrition. Which of the following is a common physical
finding in undernourished children?
A) Increased muscle mass
B) Edema in the lower extremities
C) Prolonged clotting time
D) Hyperactivity
Answer: B) Edema in the lower extremities
Rationale: Edema, particularly in the lower extremities, is a sign of
protein-energy malnutrition, as proteins are necessary to maintain plasma
oncotic pressure and prevent fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces.
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