1. A 65-year-old male with a history of smoking presents with dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Spirometry shows decreased FEV1/FVC ratio. Which condition is most likely? A) Asthma B) Chronic Bronchitis C) Emphysema D) Pulmonary Fibrosis Answer: C) Emphysema Rationale: The patient's history and spirometry results are indicative of emphysema, a type of COPD characterized by the destruction of alveoli leading to air trapping and reduced airflow. 2. A patient is admitted with suspected pulmonary embolism. Which diagnostic test is most definitive for this condition? A) Chest X-Ray B) D-dimer test C) Pulmonary angiography D) V/Q scan Answer: C) Pulmonary angiography Rationale: Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism as it directly visualizes the blood clot in the pulmonary arteries. 3. A 58-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complains of progressive shortness of breath and dry cough. Highresolution CT shows interstitial lung disease. What is the most likely pulmonary complication of SLE in this patient? A) Pleural effusion B) Pulmonary hypertension C) Interstitial lung disease D) Acute bronchitis Answer: C) Interstitial lung disease Rationale: Patients with SLE can develop interstitial lung disease, which is characterized by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, as seen on the patient's high-resolution CT scan. 4. A patient presents with acute respiratory distress, cyanosis, and a sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breaths. Auscultation reveals a friction