1. What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors? A) Vasodilation B) Diuresis C) Reduction of angiotensin II production D) Increase in heart rate Answer: C) Reduction of angiotensin II production Rationale: ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which results in decreased production of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. 2. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of aminoglycosides? A) Hypertension B) Ototoxicity C) Hyperkalemia D) Sedation Answer: B) Ototoxicity Rationale: Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity, which is damage to the ear, resulting in hearing loss or balance issues. 3. What is the role of beta-blockers in treating heart failure? A) They increase the force of heart contractions. B) They decrease heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen demand. C) They cause vasodilation. D) They increase renal blood flow. Answer: B) They decrease heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen demand. Rationale: Beta-blockers are used in heart failure to slow the heart rate and decrease the force of contraction, reducing the workload on the heart and improving symptoms. 4. Which medication class is primarily used to prevent blood clots? A) Antihypertensives B) Anticoagulants C) Antipyretics D) Anticonvulsants Answer: B) Anticoagulants