Summary

This document provides an overview of three topics related to biology: chromosome

structure and reproduction, energy flow and life's needs, and the Calvin cycle.

Chromosomes are the structures that carry genetic information in cells. They are

composed of DNA and proteins, and can undergo different types of division to

produce new cells. Energy flow and life's needs describe how living organisms obtain

and use energy from their environment, and how they maintain homeostasis. The

Calvin cycle is a biochemical pathway that converts carbon dioxide into organic

molecules, using the energy from light reactions in photosynthesis.

PART 1

Energy Flow and Life’s Needs

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism that arenecessary for

the maintenance of life.

 Catabolic reactions

o Breakdown complex molecules and release energy

 Anabolic Reactions

o Use energy to build complex muscles