NBCE - Part 1 / Biochemistry - Irene Gold review QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE (2023/2024)
NBCE - Part 1 / Biochemistry - Irene
Gold review
All amino acids are L-form except? ANSWER- glycine
T/F - All amino acids are amphoteric? ANSWER- T
What does amphoteric mean? ANSWER- Can act as either an acid or a base
What are the essential amino acids? ANSWER- P = phenylalanine
V = valine
T = tryptophan
T = threonine
I = isoleucine
M = methionine
H = histidine
A = arginine
L = leucine
L = lycine
T/F - histidine is essential in a child but not an adult? ANSWER- True
What are the purely ketogenic amino acids? ANSWER- Leucine and Lysine
What amino acid is the precursor for carnitine? ANSWER- Lysine
What is the function of carnitine? ANSWER- takes FA into mitochondria for betaoxidation
What are the aromatic amino acids? ANSWER- phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan
What is unique about tryptophan? ANSWER- It has an indole ring
What are the sulfur-containing amino acids? ANSWER- cysteine, methionine, and
cystine
2 cysteines linked together make what? ANSWER- cysteine
What are the branched chain amino acids? ANSWER- isoleucine, leucine and valine
Maple syrup urine disease is a defect in? ANSWER- the bodies ability to breakdown
branched chain amino acids
What are the acidic amino acids? ANSWER- aspartate and glutamate
What does aspartame contain that makes it neurotoxic in excess? ANSWER- aspartic
acid (aspartate)
What are the basic amino acids? ANSWER- histidine, lysine and arginine
T/F - basic amino acids have the smallest positive net charge at NORMAL pH of blood?
ANSWER- F - greatest positive net charge
Wheat is lacking in which aa? ANSWER- lysine
Rice is lacking in which aa? ANSWER- lysine
Legumes are lacking in which aa? ANSWER- tryptophan
Maize is lacking in which aa's? ANSWER- lysine and tryptophan
Pulses are lacking in what aa? ANSWER- Methionine (or cysteine)
Eggs and chicken are lacking in what aa? ANSWER- none
Phenylketonuria is a deficiency in which enzyme and limits conversion of which two
amino acids? ANSWER- Phenylalanine hydroxylase; cannot convert phenylalanine to
tyrosine
Tyrosine is the precursor for what neurotransmitters? ANSWER- L-dopa --> dopamine --
> norepinephrine --> epinephrine (catecholamines)
Tyrosine is a precursor for what pigment? ANSWER- L-dopa --> melanin (skin
pigmentation)
Albinism is a problem with the conversion of what? ANSWER- L-dopa --> melanin
What hormones can tyrosine be converted to? ANSWER- T3, T4
What is melatonin derived from? ANSWER- Tryptophan --> serotonin --> melatonin
What is histamine derived from? ANSWER- Histidine
What is nicotinamide derived from? ANSWER- Tryptophan --> niacin --> nicotinamide
For every 10 kg of body wt, how many grams of protein does a person need?
ANSWER- 8g
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