BIOS 256 Final Exam (Latest 2023): Chamberlain College of Nursing

 BIOS 256 Final Exam

1. what are male gametes? Correct answer- Sperm

2. What are female gametes? Correct answer- Secondary oocytes

3. Embryonic period? Correct answer- From fertilization through the eighth week of

development

4. Fetal period? Correct answer- Begins at week 9 and continues on until birth

5. Describe the first trimester? Correct answer- The first trimester is from

conception to 13 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health due to the

extensive oran-system development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens.

6. Describe the second trimester? Correct answer- 14 weeks to 27 weeks. Baby

begins to develop human like features

7. Describe the third trimester? Correct answer- 28 weeks to 40 weeks. Rapid fetal

growth, fetus doubles in weight.

8. Cleavage of zygote Correct answer- Mitotic division after fertilization

Day 1: two-cell stage

Day 2: four-cell stage

Day 3: eight-cell stage

Day 4: morula

Day 5: blastocyst

Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall

FIGURE 29.5

9. What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? Correct answerIncreased blood osmolarity(more solutes)

Decreased blood volume

Decreased blood pressure

Dry mouth

10.What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys? Correct

answer- Stimulates the release of renin, which increases angiotensin II formation,

leading to increased thirst, increased water intake, and increased blood volume,

and increased blood pressure

11.What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine? Correct answerNa+ and Cl-

12.ADH function Correct answer- ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by

inserting aquaporins in late DCT and collecting ducts, which increases the

permeability to water and allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing

blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure

13.What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption and urine

regulation? Correct answer- Aldosterone and ANP

14.When is RAAS activated? Correct answer- Decreased blood pressure or Na+

deficiency in plasma, this causes an increase in renin release which activates the

RAAS system. This increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the

late DCT and collecting ducts

15.Functions of ANP Correct answer- ANP responds to increased blood volume and

increased stretch of atria of the heart, promoting natriuresis (elevated excretion

of Na+ into urine). Where sodium goes, water follows, therefore there is also a

loss of water, and a decrease in blood volume.

16.What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? Correct answer- Na+ and

Cl17.What are the most abundant cation and anion of the ICF? Correct answer- K+,

proteins, and phosphates

18.3 buffer systems in the body Correct answer- (1) the carbonic acid-sodium

bicarbonate buffer system, (2) the phosphate buffer system, and (3) the protein

buffer system.

19.Exhalation of CO2 as a buffer system Correct answer- Increased exhalation of

CO2 increases exhalation of H+ and increases the pH, decreased exhalation of

CO2 decreases exhalation of H+ and decreases the pH

20.Kidneys as a buffer system Correct answer- Renal tubules secrete H+ in urine,

and reabsorb HCO3- so it is not lost in urine

21.Respiratory acidosis Correct answer- A drop in pH due to the failure to exhale

sufficient amounts of CO2.

22.Solution: the renal system may correct this by increasing the excretion of H+ in

urine and increasing HCO3- reabsorption

23.Respiratory alkalosis Correct answer- An increase in pH due to the excessive

exhalation of CO2.

24.Solution: the renal system may correct this by decreasing the excretion of H+ and

decreasing the reabsorption of HCO3-

25.Metabolic acidosis Correct answer- Decreased HCO3-, and a decreased pH.