1. A newborn's respiratory rate is considered normal between: A. 20-30 breaths per minute B. 30-40 breaths per minute C. 40-60 breaths per minute D. 60-80 breaths per minute Answer: C. 40-60 breaths per minute Rationale: The normal respiratory rate for a healthy newborn is typically between 40-60 breaths per minute. Rates below or above this range may indicate underlying health issues that require further assessment. 2. When assessing the hydration status of a newborn, which of the following is NOT a common indicator? A. Sunken fontanelles B. Dry mucous membranes C. Frequent urination D. Poor skin turgor Answer: C. Frequent urination Rationale: Frequent urination is typically a sign of adequate hydration. Sunken fontanelles, dry mucous membranes, and poor skin turgor are indicators of dehydration in newborns. 3. During a physical examination of a newborn, which finding would be considered abnormal? A. Presence of lanugo B. Blue hands and feet (acrocyanosis) C. A single palmar crease D. Red reflex absent in one eye Answer: D. Red reflex absent in one eye Rationale: The absence of the red reflex in one eye could indicate an ocular abnormality such as cataracts or retinoblastoma and warrants immediate further investigation. 4. Which vital sign is most critical to monitor immediately after birth? A. Temperature B. Pulse C. Respiratory rate D. Blood pressure Answer: C. Respiratory rate