Which of the following genes is commonly associated with an increased

risk of breast cancer?

 A. BRCA1

 B. HER2

 C. KRAS

 D. EGFR

 Answer: A

 Rationale: BRCA1 mutations are well-known genetic risk factors for

breast cancer. These mutations can be inherited and significantly increase

the lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.

Mutations in the TP53 gene are most commonly associated with which

type of cancer?

 A. Colorectal cancer

 B. Lung cancer

 C. Pancreatic cancer

 D. Li-Fraumeni syndrome

 Answer: D

 Rationale: TP53 gene mutations are linked to Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a

rare inherited disorder that predisposes individuals to a wide range of

cancers, including breast cancer, brain tumors, and leukemia.

Which of the following genes is associated with an increased risk of

melanoma?

 A. BRAF

 B. PTEN

 C. APC

 D. RET

 Answer: A

 Rationale: Mutations in the BRAF gene are commonly found in

melanomas, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division, which are

characteristic features of cancer.

The HER2 gene is most notably associated with which type of cancer?

 A. Prostate cancer

 B. Colorectal cancer

 C. Ovarian cancer