In working with a client who has received a diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder, a cognitive therapist's initial goal would be: A. to collaborate with the client to identify specific treatment goals. B. to make a "cognitive diagnosis" for the purpose of developing a concrete treatment plan. C. to identify the cognitive antecedents and consequences that are sustaining the client's multiple personalities. D. to establish a working alliance that provides the client with a sense of safety. A psychologist conducting a study to determine the effectiveness of backward conditioning with human participants will use which of the following procedures? A. Repeatedly present the CS before the US. B. Repeatedly present the US before the CS. C. Apply an intermittent schedule of reinforcement after a continuous schedule has been used to establish a response. D. Apply a continuous schedule of reinforcement after an intermittent schedule has been used to establish a response. Backward conditioning is just the opposite of forward conditioning and involves presenting the US prior to the CS. Backward conditioning is not usually effective. A father wants to increase his son's studying and violin practice and, therefore, reinforces each behavior whenever it occurs with a token that can be exchanged later for a desired privilege. After a period of time, the father realizes that his son will never become a violin virtuoso and stops reinforcing the boy's violin practice. The father can expect which of the following? A. violin practice and studying will both decrease B. violin practice and studying will both increase C. violin practice will decrease but studying will increase D. violin practice will decrease and studying will stay the same Removal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior typically results in an increase in another reinforced